Page 279 - FINAL_HANDBOOK_20242025

Faculty of Science Handbook, Academic Session 2024/2025

polarization; Absorption and emission of photons; Weisskopf-Wigner
theory of spontaneous emission.
Quantum states and distributions: Density operator for mixed and pure
states; Quantization of electromagnetic field and Fock state; Coherent
state, squeezed state, thermal state; Entangled states: Bell's states,
GHZ states; Generation of entangled states: PDC and beam splitter;
Quasi--probability distributions & Schrodinger cat states.
Coherence and photon correlations: Hanbury-Brown-Twiss
experiment; Field correlation functions; First and second order
coherences; Photon detection and interferometry.
Two-level atom-field interaction: Semiclassical treatment: Rabi
flopping, Optical Bloch equation, Bloch sphere and vectors; Full
quantum treatment: Jaynes-Cumming model and exact solutions,
collapse and revival; Nuclear magnetic resonance and imaging.
Quantum Information: Quantum information theory and entropy;
Quantum bits and measurements; No-cloning theorem; Quantum
cryptography and eavesdropping; Quantum teleportation.
Assessment Method:
Final Examination: 60%
Continuous Assessment: 40%

SIF3021 COSMOLOGY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY (3 CREDITS)
Frame of reference, postulates of relativity. Galilean transformations,
Lorentz transformations. Time dilation, Length contraction, Doppler
shift
Minkowski Space, Twin paradox, Spacetime diagrams, lightcones and
causality
Mechanics, Invariance, relativistic momentum and kinetic energy.
Four-vectors
Tensors, metric, energy-momentum tensor, parallel transport,
curvature, Christoffel symbols
Energy-momentum tensor, electromagnetic tensor, perfect fluid tensor
Derivation of Einstein’s equations, Cosmological Constant
Schwarzschild metric, gravitational dilation, redshift, motion in
Schwarzschild timeline, falling into a Black Hole, Hawking radiation
Tests of general relativity: precession of perihelion of Mercury,
deflection of light by the Sun, gravitational lensing, observational black
holes, gravitational waves
Cosmology, cosmological principle, Weyl’s postulate, Robertson-
Walker metric, energy-momentum of the Universe
Friedmann equations, Universe models, observables

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