Page 165 - PG-Handbook23-24-finale

Reference citations in text require the following information:
▪ last name of the author or as specified in the UM Library APA Formatting and Style
Guide (latest edition),
▪ the year of publication,
▪ the page number for the reference (direct quotes only).

For summaries or paraphrases, the last name of the author and the year of publication
must be included for the in-text reference. For examples:

Kingston and Parker (2012) found the biggest challenges in classroom to be ….

The biggest challenges in classroom were …. (Kingston & Parker, 2012).

For direct quotations (which refers to when the exact words of another author are
copied), the last name of the author, the year of publication as well as the page number
for the reference must be included for the in-text reference. The quotation has to be
enclosed in quotation marks. For examples:

In Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth (1980), Christopher writes
that his father illustrated mallorn trees based on familiar Primary World species.

Gollum enter the damned land of Sauron. Tolkien describes the scenery from
the eyes of the hobbits and writes, “slowly and painfully they clambered down,
groping, stumbling, scrambling among rock and briar and dead wood in the
blind shadows” (The Lord of the Rings, 917).

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