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a) the act of taking an idea, writing, data or invention of another person and claiming
that the idea, writing, data or invention is the result of one's own findings or
creation; or
b) an attempt to make out or the act of making out, in such a way, that one is the
original source or the creator of an idea, writing, data or invention which has
actually been taken from some other source.

Without prejudice to the generality of sub rule (2) a student plagiarizes when he or
she;

a) publishes, with himself as the author, an abstract, article, scientific or academic
paper, or book which is wholly or partly written by some other person;
b) incorporates himself or allows himself to be incorporated as a co-author of an
abstract, article, scientific or academic paper, or book, when he has not at all
made any written contribution to the abstract, article, scientific or academic
paper, or book;
c) forces another person to include his name in the list of co-researchers for a
particular research project or in the list of co-authors for a publication when he has
not made any contribution which may qualify him as a co-researcher or co-
author;
d) extracts academic data which are the results of research undertaken by some
other person, such as laboratory findings or field work findings or data obtained
through library research, whether published or unpublished and incorporate those
data as part of his academic research without giving due acknowledgement to
the actual source;
e) uses research data obtained through collaborative work with some other person,
whether or not that other person is a staff member or a student of the University,
as part of another distinct personal academic research of his, or for a
publication in his own name as sole author, without obtaining the consent of his
co-researchers prior to embarking on his personal research or prior to publishing
the data;
f) transcribes the ideas or creations of others kept in whatever form, whether written,
printed or available in electronic form, or in slide form, or in whatever form of
teaching or research apparatus, or in any other form, and claims whether directly
or indirectly that he is the creator of that idea or creation;
g) translates the writing or creation of another person from one language to another
whether or not wholly or partly, and subsequently presents the translation in
whatever form or manner as his own writing or creation; or
h) extracts ideas from another person's writing or creation and makes certain
modifications without due reference to the original source and rearranges them
in such a way that it appears as if he is the creator of those ideas.

DOCTOR OF MANAGEMENT (DMgt) 36 | P a g e