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tingkahlakunya untuk menghasilkan perhubungan yang lebih seimbang antara dirinya dan persekitaran. Tajuk perbincangan
meliputi kesihatan dan kesihatan mental, penyesuaian sebagai proses dan pencapaian, penjagaan kesihatan mental,
kekecewaan dan konflik, mekanisme pertahanan diri, teori-teori mengenai salahsuaian, penyesuaian neurotik dan psikotik,
kecelaruan personaliti, peranan kaunseling dan psikoterapi dalam memupuk dan mempertingkatkan kesihatan mental.

This course will expose students to the adjustment mechanisms used by humans in response to physical, psychological and social demands
of the self, others and environment. Focus will be given to studying how humans face conflict and disappointment, mechanisms of self
resilience to maintain equilibrium, and ongoing processes that allow the individual to adapt behavior for a balanced relationship between self
and environment. Topics to be discussed include physical and mental health, adjustment as process and its achievement, care for mental
health, conflict and disappointment, self resilience mechanisms, theories of maladjustment, neurotic and psychotic behavior, personality
disorders, as well as the role of counseling and psychotherapy in facilitating and raising the level of mental health..

Kaedah Penilaian : Kerja Kursus - 40%, Peperiksaan – 60%
Assessment Method : Assignment Examination

Bahasa Pengantar : Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Inggeris
Medium of Instruction : Malay Language and English Language

Rujukan Utama/Main References:

Amber Hague. (2011). Mental health in Malaysia: Issues and concerns. KL: University of Malaya Press.
Dunnelly, J. W., Eburne, N., & Kittleson, M. (2010). Mental health: Dimensions of self-esteem and emotional well-being.
Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

PPEC2106 – MODIFIKASI TINGKAHLAKU (3 Jam Kredit)
BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION (3 Credit Hours)

Sinopsis/Synopsis:

Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membantu pelajar menguasai prinsip dan konsep modifikasi tingkahlaku yang mereka boleh
aplikasi dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai kaunselor. Pelajar akan didedahkan kepada cara-cara membentuk tingkahlaku
baru melalui prinsip peneguhan, peragaan dan diskriminasi; cara-cara memantap tingkahlaku baru melalui prinsip
pengurangan peneguhan dan peneguhan berkala; cara mengekalkan tingkahlaku yang sudah berasas melalui prinsip
substitusi atau penggantian; cara-cara memberhentikan tingkahlaku yang tidak sesuai melalui prinsip pemuakan,
penghapusan dan dendaan; dan cara-cara mengubahsuai tingkahlaku emosi melalui prinsip pengelakan dan pengurangan
ketakutan.

This course is aimed at aiding the student in mastering principles and concepts of behavior modification that they can apply in carrying out
their duties as a counselor. Students will be exposed to techniques of behavior modification through reinforcement, counter conditioning and
discrimination; ways to consolidate new behaviors through principles such as reduction of reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement;
maintaining behaviors through principles of substitution or replacement; ways to stop undesirable behaviors through the satiation principle,
extinction and punishment; and ways to change emotional behavior through principles of escape and avoidance conditioning

Kaedah Penilaian : Kerja Kursus - 40%, Peperiksaan – 60%
Assessment Method : Assignment Examination

Bahasa Pengantar : Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Inggeris
Medium of Instruction : Malay Language and English Language

Rujukan Utama/Main References:

Santrok, J. (2006). Educational psychology. NY: McGraw Hill
Raymond G. Miltemberger (2012). Behavior Modification: Principles and procedure. 5 edition Wadsworth, cengage learning.
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