Page 6 - Volume_14

Jurnal PPM: Journal of Malaysian Librarians
Vol. 15, 2021

masa pembelajaran interaktif dan fleksibel. Berbagai cabaran telah dihadapi semasa
perlaksanaan CIDOS seperti kemudahan internet, perkakasan, pengurusan kendiri dan
peningkatan kos bahan pembelajaran. Akhir sekali, cadangan dan penambahbaikan
adalah aspek yang akan membantu memperbaiki keupayaan CIDOS, terutamanya
dalam mengemaskini bahan pembelajaran, perkakasan dan latihan.
Kata Kunci: e-pembelajaran, Pembelajaran jarak jauh; Pembelajaran teradun

INTRODUCTION
The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed
educational scenarios around the world. Every day, researchers, educators, and those
who are interested in education, would produce various educational innovations. The
main impact of ICT development is the delivery and learning method worldwide. Even
till today, ICT has created an e-learning concept that has gained popularity among the
society. E-learning has opened a new chapter for a more interactive educational world.
The COVID-19 pandemic a huge impact on all Malaysians. The complete closure of the
education sector requires educators, students, and parents to fully adapt to a new norm.

History of e-Learning in Malaysia
According to Ali et al. (2004) the history of the establishment of e-learning in Malaysia
began at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) in 1971. This development was somewhat
sluggish until the 1990s with the emergence of higher education institutions embarking
on e-learning and subsequently transforming the country's higher education landscape.

The list of e-learning startups in Malaysia (Ali et al., 2004) in chronological order are:
1. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) - 1971
2. Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) - 1990
3. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) - 1993
4. Universiti Malaya (UM) - 1994
5. Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) - 1995
6. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) - 1997
7. Universiti Multimedia (MMU) - 1999
8. Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR) - 1998
9. Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIAM) - 2000
10. Universiti Terbuka Malaysia (OUM) - 2000

Kuching Polytechnic Sarawak (PKS)
The Kuching Polytechnic Sarawak (PKS) was established in 1988 under the Fifth
Malaysia Plan. PKS was built on 112 acres of land located 22 kilometers from Kuching

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